What emotional response do arguments primarily rely on from all parties involved?

Arguments primarily rely on defensiveness as an emotional response from all parties involved. When individuals engage in a disagreement, they often feel the need to protect their own viewpoints, beliefs, and self-image. This defensive posture can manifest in various ways, such as denying accusations, counterattacking, or justifying one's actions or opinions. The essence of defensiveness in arguments is that it stems from a perceived threat to one's values or self-esteem, prompting individuals to react in a manner that seeks to safeguard their positions.

In this context, while emotions like anger and joy might surface during arguments, defensiveness is a fundamental emotional response that drives the dynamics of the conversation. It influences how parties interact and respond to each other, often escalating the intensity of the debate. Apology, on the other hand, is typically reserved for moments of reconciliation or acknowledgment of wrongdoing rather than a primary emotional driver in argument situations.